On the morning of October 25, 1415—Saint Crispin’s Day—Henry’s weary and hungry army found itself facing a vastly larger French host, estimates of which range from 12,000 to as many as 30,000. The French, comprising heavily armored knights and men-at-arms, were confident of v

When we think of England’s medieval military triumphs, few battles resonate as powerfully as Agincourt. Fought on October 25, 1415, during the Hundred Years’ War, it pitted an outnumbered English army led by King Henry V against a much larger French force in the muddy fields of Picardy.

From the late 15th century onward, with the union of the English and Welsh crowns under the Tudor dynasty and the subsequent Laws in Wales Acts under Henry VIII, the distinctive role of Marcher castles diminished. Peaceful conditions reduced the need for heavily fortified residences. Many castles

What would life have been like inside Holt Castle during the medieval period? The lord’s household would have included knights, squires, men-at-arms, domestic servants, clerics, and skilled craftsmen. The great hall was the social heart of the castle, where meals were taken, guests entertai